Friday, May 29, 2020

Teenage Pregnancy and Moral Taboo - Free Essay Example

In todays society, it is not unusual to correlate teenage pregnancy with a form of moral taboo. Though humanity does not embrace this issue, amongst 15 to 17-year-olds, the pregnancy rate is 38.7 per 1,000 girls as of 2017. Within the United States alone, the same age group contributes 11% of births total. When teenagers become sexually active, the risk of unwanted pregnancy becomes increasingly present. An individual who conceives a child before adulthood will ultimately be burdened with tasks and stresses most adults struggle with before escaping childhood themselves. By creating emotional and bodily pain, damaging relationships, and altered educational and or occupational agendas, teenage pregnancy proves to disrupt the life and health of a young adult. A study made by Barbara Wolfe and Maria Perozek shows that teens bearing children remarkably affected, and modified, the ratio of children who were said to be in excellent health and the proportions with acute or persistent conditions. However, mother and baby alike are going to experience medical difficulties during pregnancy and the birthing process. While not all teenage mothers are affected by mental or emotional health changes, many and close to most are. Adolescent parenthood is associated with a range of adverse outcomes for young mothers, including mental health problems such as depression, substance abuse, and post-traumatic stress disorder. (Hodgkinson et al.) During the pregnancy and often times after, young moms are faced with stress and this disrupts the stability of ones mental state. Though the care of an infant may exacerbate psychological anguish, mental and emotional health can be challenged by the environments that contain your life. Beyond the pain found in the mind, there is also pain present in the body. Pregnant teenagers are more likely to develop preeclampsia, anemia, excessive internal and external bleeding during labor; premature delivery also occurs regularly. Becoming a teen parent also puts a strain on relationships and social standings. According to Kristin Luker, author of Dubious Concepts: The Politics of Teenage Pregnancy, The idea that a pregnant unmarried woman would show herself not only in public but in schools, where the minds of innocent children could be corrupted was more unthinkable still. (Luker 2). For fear of humiliation, scrutiny, and or social ridicule, finding pregnant teens in public let alone the classroom becomes increasingly difficult. Though nearly 80% of teenage parents have a partner who was five years within their own age (Luker 2)., teen dads are seemingly invisible to the public eye. Where families and friends are concerned, there are definite changes in these bonds and relationships. Reactions to the pregnancy of a teen may vary depending on the structure and stability of a family or friendship. Having a child in teenage years is socially frowned upon and considered morally wrong, and as a result, it is not uncommon for relatives or friends to experience a falling out. Even after delivery, parenthood is a struggle and dictates most of the decisions made from that moment on. Therefore, whether it was intentional or not, becoming a teen parent takes focus from a social life to focus on a child. Arthur Campbell once famously wrote, the girl who has an illegitimate c hild at the age of 16 suddenly has 90% of her life script written for her. (Hoffman 1.) Though this is true, even if the mother is 14, 16 or 18, there will be many hardships. Once there is a child present the equation for life plans changes completely. Plans for an educational and or occupational future are morphed into plans for keeping the child safe and well cared for. Director of HEW, Joseph Califano is quoted saying, Teenage pregnancy-the entry into parenthood of individuals who barely are beyond childhood themselves- is one of the most serious and complex problems facing the nation today ¦The birth of a child can usher in a dismissal future of unemployment, poverty, family breakdown, emotional stress, dependency on public agencies and health problems of mother and child. (Luker 73). Teenage pregnancy is indeed a serious yet complex issue that leaves many unestablished children, in a sense, with several difficulties that go beyond wellness and health.

Saturday, May 16, 2020

Ronald Reagan Life And Career - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1313 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/07/03 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Ronald Reagan Essay Did you like this example? The Biography of Ronald Reagan Ronald Reagan served as president throughout the entire duration of the 1980s. However, Reagans early life, education, and initial involvement in politics plays an important role in his decision making and the party that he identified himself as. Ronald Reagan contributed a lot to the U.S., as well as welfare reform that occurred during the economic crisis of his presidential time era. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ronald Reagan: Life And Career" essay for you Create order Being the 40th president of the United States, Reagans policies continue to effect modern day society and the structure of the government. This paper goes through Reagans time spent in government, the impacts he made, and how he became a prominent figure in presidential history. Early Life Ronald Reagan, also known as the 40th president of the United States, is originally from Tampico, Illinois. Born in 1911, Reagan went to Eureka college located in Illinois, majoring in economics and sociology (Biography.com Staff, 2017). He was able to go to this college through an academic scholarship, and graduated in 1932 (Biography.com Staff, 2017). Reagan then proceeded to work in Iowa as a radio sports announcer, in which he later earned his nickname, The Great Communicator (Biography.com Staff, 2017). Ronald Reagan shortly began his career in film in 1937, when he signed a contract with Warner Bros that lasted for seven years (Biography.com Staff, 2017). Throughout his career, he appeared in more than 50 films, his most popular ones being Knute Rockne, All American, and Kings Row (Biography.com Staff, 2017). Reagan married Jane Wyman in 1940, and had one daughter, and one adopted son. The pair divorced in 1948, Ronald remarried to Nancy Davis, and they had two children. He did serve during World War II for a short time, until he had been released due to his poor eye vision (Biography.com Staff, 2017). Initial Involvement Ronald Reagan always had some sort of interest in politics, he initially was a Democratic due to his parents. However, his ideals switched over to those of a conservative Republican during the 1960s. He became aware of the issue of Communism when he was the president of the Screen Actors Guild, thus, he views in politics began to shift. Reagan then began touring the country as a television host, branding himself as a spokesman for conservatism (Cannon, n.d.). Reagans family held a strong liking towards Franklin Delano Roosevelt during his presidency, Ronald particularly liked FDR because he provided work for his brother and father in his New Deal Programs (Cannon, n.d.). After World War II Reagan aligned his beliefs with those in the Democratic Party, being anti-communist liberals. Before he became president himself, Reagan was the Governor of California, and campaigned greatly for Nixon during the election (History.com Staff, 2009). During his early years as governor, he ordered a large tax increase in hopes to close the budget deficit, thus he opposed Nixons plan to federalize welfare and establish a guaranteed annual income (Cannon, n.d.). Nixons fail ultimately failed, and Reagan bestowed it upon himself to create his own welfare plan in California. His welfare plan was successful, in which the welfare caseload began to drop by 8,000 each month, and by July of 1973 it was 800,000 cases lower than the reform had originally predicted (C annon, n.d.). Ronald Reagans welfare plan in 1970 was seen as successful for state-based welfare experiments and was culminated on the national level in 1996 (Cannon, n.d.).Government WorkIn the election of 1976, Reagan went up against Gerald Fold for the Republican Party position. Reagan was able to keep himself in the head of the media between 1976 and 1980 by writing in a newspaper column and giving daily radio addresses, while being able to remain publicly undeclared about his plans for his presidency in 1980 (History.com Staff, 2009). Reagan mainly focused on fixing the current efficiency of the economy during his presidency, in which he stated, In this present crisis, government is not the solution to our problems; government is the problem (History.com Staff, 2009). President Reagan began to implement policies into government that reduced the federal governments reach into the daily lives and pocketbooks of Americans this included tax cuts to stimulate growth, also known as R eaganomics (Reaganomics, n.d.). Reaganomics advocated for the increase in military spendings, reductions towards specific social programs, and measures taken to deregulate business. Reagan reduced domestic spending by cutting the top marginal tax rate on individual income from 70% to 28%, and the corporate tax rate went from 48% to 34% (Reaganomics, n.d.). His presidency also included eliminating price controls that were placed on oil and natural gases, telephone and cable services to reduce economic regulation (Reaganomics, n.d.). Also, Reagan supported a monetary policy that stabilized the U.S. dollar against foreign policies, in which tax revenues received increased from $909 billion in 1988 from $517 billion in 1980 (Reaganomics, n.d.). Plus, he was able to reduce inflation to 4%, and the unemployment rate to under 6% (Reaganomics, n.d.). Thus, Reagan worked a lot in the legislative branch of government, and worked with Congress in order to create new tax policies. Reagan also took action for women involvement in government by appointing Sandra Day OConnor to be the first woman to be apart of the U.S. Supreme Court (History.com Staff, 2009). When it came to foreign affairs, Reagan worked in the executive branch to create the Reagan Doctrine. The doctrine, taking place during the increased tension of the Cold War, America provided aid to anti-communist movements occurring in Africa, Asia, and South America (History.com Staff, 2009). In 1983, Reagan announced the Strategic Defense Initiative to help protect A merica from attacks by Soviet nuclear missiles by developing space-based weapons (History.com Staff, 2009). On the account of foreign affairs, Reagan also sent 800 U.S. Marines to Lebanon as a part of an international peacekeeping force after Israel invaded the nation in June of 1982 (History.com Staff, 2009). Additionally, Reagan was able to form a relationship diplomatically with Mikhail Gorbachev, who was the leader of the Soviet Union in 1985 (History.com Staff, 2009). In November of 1984, Reagan won his reelection by a landslide against Walter Mondale, winning 49 out of the 50 states, the largest number ever won by a presidential candidate in American history (History.com Staff, 2009).IdeologyDuring his presidency, Reagan identified himself as a conservative Republican, even though he had grown up in a Democratic household. Reagan ultimately displayed idiosyncratic conservatism, combining a progressive optimism that could be confused for a utopian state of mind. He often quoted a line from Tom Paine that was one of the most radical figures known today, We have it in our power to begin the world over again (Hayward, 2013). Ronald Reagan never believed that human nature could be shaped perfectly through political, or even bureaucratic interventions (Hayward, 2013). He was often critical of elites and experts that are considered the trademark of a modern bureaucratic government (Hayward, 2013). Reagans conservative beliefs ultimately shaped the way that he handled problems economically, including his decisions on tax reforms during the time of an economic crisis. Thus, he was the only governor who opposed a National Governors Association resolution in favor of Nixons proposal, when Nixon planned to federalize welfare and establish a guaranteed annual income (Hayward, 2013). Furthermore, Reagan strongly had a disliking towards the idea that, a little intellectual elite in a far-distant capitol can plan our lives for us better than we can plan them ourselves (Hayward, 2013). Ronald Reagan was a definite conservative Republican who stuck to his beliefs, and implemented policies that best fit his own ideals. References Reaganomics. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/reaganomics.aspBiography.com Staff. (2017, April 27). Ronald Reagan Biography. Retrieved fromhttps://www.biography.com/people/ronald-reagan-9453198Cannon, L. (n.d.). Ronald Reagan: Life Before the Presidency. Retrieved fromhttps://millercenter.org/president/reagan/life-before-the-presidency Hayward, S. (2013, June 4). Ronald Reagan: Conservative Statesman. Retrieved fromhttps://www.heritage.org/political-process/report/ronald-reagan-conservative-statesmanHistory.com Staff. (2009). Ronald Reagan. Retrieved fromhttps://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/ronald-reaganReagan, R. (2007). The Reagan Diaries. United States: HarperCollins.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

No Perfect Form of Government Essay - 2014 Words

The struggle to create the perfect government has been prevalent throughout human history, and has resulted in significant turbulence and bloodshed for mankind. Despite thousands of years of progress, the challenge to find the ideal government was still prevalent during the Enlightenment period. During the 18th century, numerous philosophers developed various new ideas about how the ideal government should perform its duties. Philosophers like John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau, for example, conceived the idea of a government in which the majority rules through a system of democracy. A bloody conflict finally brought some of these ideas into practice. From the American Revolution, the United States was born, and its foundations were†¦show more content†¦One of his greatest works, the Declaration of Independence, epitomizes this responsibility. Jefferson thought that government should establish â€Å"its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form , as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness† (Jefferson 1). Despite Jeffersons idea of the perfect government, however, the modern government of the United States is still far from effectively establishing the â€Å"safety and happiness† for its people as described in this passage. For example, although the government has attempted to eradicate it in the past, a large portion of the population still lives on the edge of poverty. The director of a prominent project on poverty at Penn State University describes this situation: â€Å"The more complex reality, she said, is that a large swath of the population is barely getting by, making too much to qualify for public assistance but not enough to cover all their expenses. They may not have not crossed the threshold into poverty, but they live on its doorstep† (Bensen). The inability of the government to provide public assistance to people living on the edge of poverty stems from the fact that excessive tax increases are required to do so. Thus, the goal of providing full security to citizens comes at a price. The recently proposed health care legislation has been characterized by its opponents as unfair because it would raise taxes for many Americans for the benefit of theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Human Nature and the Opposing Forces That Redeem It1090 Words   |  5 Pagesprovide priceless insight into the spirits of both human government and human nature. In fact, The Federalist Papers repeatedly acknowledge a basic truth of human existence: humans are naturally selfish, hostile, and full of such characteristics that hinder the continuation of peaceful, harmonious existence. The corruption of the human race permeates even the strongest governments, as history has shown time and again. Ironic as it is, governments must take precautions to guard themselves, even fromRead MoreA Utopian Society Must Be Classified As Perfect And Just For All1033 Words   |  5 PagesA utopian society would be classified as perfect and just for all. This society has been conceived numerous times throughout history along with numerous ideologies. Although these ideologies have solved specific problems, none of them can be considered perfect due to numerous perceptions, which in turn would prevent perfection. In 1984, the Party made a totalitarian government. Like other oppressive governments throughout history, the ideology designed by the Party was not capable of creating a societyRead Moregovernment gave too much power Essay634 Words   |  3 Pagesthe national government have been a popular topic amongst scholars for many years. The Virginia plan was a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch. The plan was drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Constitutional Convention of 1787. There are many factors which influenced the development of the Virginia plan that gave too much power to the national g overnment. The Virginia plan gave too much power to the national government by all the plansRead MoreThe Relationship Between State Governments And The Federal Government1521 Words   |  7 Pagesstate governments and the federal government is a difficult balance that is necessary to form a strong union. It is extremely difficult to find a balance between the powers that the states have to govern themselves, while maintaining a strong federal government. Federalism is a political system in which the national and regional governments share powers and responsibilities. The two work independently, under the guidelines of the Constitution. Federalism is the best form of government for maintainingRead MoreLEGO movie analysis883 Words   |  4 PagesThese pieces of literature serve to warn its readers/audience of the dangers of totalitarianism. Both the movie and the novel portray a â€Å"perfect† totalitarian society, where the government has complete and total power and con trol. When one looks beneath the surface of these â€Å"perfect† societies, it becomes evident that they are nothing of the sort. These â€Å"perfect† societies have removed individual expression and has caused everyone to be conditioned to think alike. The citizens are conditioned to meetRead MoreEssay about John Locke ´s Flawless Government860 Words   |  4 Pagesagainst all, and creates pandemonium. As a result, we create governments to maintain control. Obviously there is no such thing as a perfect government, and there will never be a perfect government. However, there are some methods of governing that come extremely close to achieving an ideal government. John Locke offers a way of governing, which I believe comes remarkably close to creating a flawless government. John Locke constructs a government that is controlled by the will of the people, which canRead More Media Use of Stereotypes Essay1273 Words   |  6 Pagesintend to choose through any form of m edia. However, what we do not know is how much of the knowledge we consume through mass media is accurately representation of the reality. Stereotypes work well in political campaigns where government takes certain steps as a propagandist to exhibit information to a group of targeted audience in order for them to have a certain view or opinions towards others, which is profitable in any manner for the government itself. However, governments take these steps for variousRead MoreAristotle and Plato Ideal Government 1304 Words   |  5 PagesAristotle and Plato had this idea in their minds that there was an Ideal Government. Meaning that there was a way for someone or a group of people to perfectly control a community where everybody would have equal rights, there would be no fights and everything was perfectly under control. As of right now we believe that there is no possible way for somebody to do that, but back then Aristotle and Plato believed that they were perfectly right. Sinc e both Aristotle and Plato were people who exploredRead MoreEssay on Platos Republic981 Words   |  4 PagesRepublic Plato, one of the most ingenious and powerful thinkers in Western philosophy, born around 425 B.C. Plato investigated a wide range of topics. Dominant among his ideas is an immense discourse called The Republic. The main focus of Plato is a perfect society. He outlines a utopian society, out of his disapproval for the tension of political life. Plato lived through the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC), in which much of Greece was devastated. This created poverty and political confusion and corruptionRead MoreAthens : The Best Form Of Politics891 Words   |  4 PagesPeloponnesian War, Athenians strongly believed their government was the superior of all and should have been emulated by any state that wanted to be considered a successful society. However, Athenian democracy was not able to withstand the test of time and eventually crumbled as a city. During the height of its success, Athens exemplifies a political paradigm for other societies to imitate. Both Plato and Thucydides argue democracy is the best attainable form of politics for a society. In Thucydides’ Funeral

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Marginal costing distingushes between fixed costs and variable costs Essay Example For Students

Marginal costing distingushes between fixed costs and variable costs Essay Outline1 Introduction2 Marginal bing definition3 Advantages4 Disadvantages5 Fringy Costing Formulae: 6 +7 +8 +9 Theory of Marginal Costing10 The rules of fringy costing11 Features of Marginal Costing12 Cost Categorization13 Stock/Inventory Evaluation14 Fringy Contribution15 Presentation of Cost Data under Marginal Costing16 MARGINAL COSTING PRO-FORMA17 A18 A19 A20 A21 A22 A23 A24 A25 A26 A27 A28 A29 A30 A31 Drumhead Introduction The costs that vary with a determination should merely be included in determination analysis. For many determinations that involve comparatively little fluctuations from bing pattern and/or are for comparatively limited periods of clip, fixed costs are non relevant to the determination. This is because either fixed costs tend to be impossible to change in the short term or directors are loath to change them in the short term Marginal bing definition Fringy bing distinguishes between fixed costs and variable costs as conventionally classified. The fringy cost of a merchandise is its variable cost . This is usually taken to be, direct labour, direct stuff, direct disbursals and the variable portion of operating expenses. What is Fringy Costing? It is a costing technique where merely variable cost or direct cost will be charged to the cost unit produced. Marginal costing besides shows the consequence on net income of alterations in volume and type of end product by distinguishing between fixed A ; variable costs. Outstanding Points: Fringy bing involves determining fringy costs. Since fringy costs are direct cost, this costing technique is besides known as direct costing ; In fringy costing, fixed costs are neer charged to production. They are treated as period charge and is written off to the net income and loss history in the period incurred ; Once fringy cost is ascertained part can be computed. Contribution is the surplus of gross over fringy costs. The fringy cost statement is the basic document/format to capture the fringy costs. Features of Marginal Costing System: It is a method of entering costs and describing net incomes ; All operating costs are differentiated into fixed and variable costs ; Variable cost charged to merchandise and treated as a merchandise cost whilst Fixed cost treated as period cost and written off to the net income and loss history Advantages Fringy costing is simple to understand. By non bear downing fixed overhead to cost of production, the consequence of varying charges per unit is avoided. It prevents the unlogical carry frontward in stock rating of some proportion of current twelvemonth s fixed operating expense. The effects of alternate gross revenues or production policies can be more readily available and assessed, and determinations taken would give the maximal return to concern. It eliminates big balances left in overhead control histories which indicate the trouble of determining an accurate overhead recovery rate. Practical cost control is greatly facilitated. By avoiding arbitrary allotment of fixed operating expense, attempts can be concentrated on keeping a unvarying and consistent fringy cost. It is utile to assorted degrees of direction. It helps in short-run net income planning by breakeven and profitableness analysis, both in footings of measure and graphs. Comparative profitableness and public presentation between two or more merchandises and divisions can easy be assessed and brought to the notice of direction for determination devising. Disadvantages The separation of costs into fixed and variable is hard and sometimes gives deceptive consequences. Normal bing systems besides apply overhead under normal operating volume and this shows that no advantage is gained by fringy costing. Under fringy costing, stocks and work in advancement are understated. The exclusion of fixed costs from stock lists affect net income and true and just position of fiscal personal businesss of an organisation may non be clearly crystalline. Volume discrepancy in standard costing besides discloses the consequence of fluctuating end product on fixed operating expense. Fringy cost informations becomes unrealistic in instance of extremely fluctuating degrees of production, e.g. , in instance of seasonal mills. Better Life with Cooking EssayFringy costing technique has given birth to a really utile construct of part where part is given by: Gross saless gross less variable cost ( fringy cost ) Contribution may be defined as the net income before the recovery of fixed costs. Therefore, part goes toward the recovery of fixed cost and net income, and is equal to fixed cost plus net income ( C = F + P ) . In instance a house neither makes net income nor suffers loss, part will be merely equal to fixed cost ( C = F ) . this is known as breakeven point. The construct of part is really utile in fringy costing. It has a fixed relation with gross revenues. The proportion of part to gross revenues is known as P/V ratio which remains the same under given conditions of production and gross revenues. The rules of fringy costing The rules of fringy costing are as follows. For any given period of clip, fixed costs will be the same, for any volume of gross revenues and production ( provided that the degree of activity is within the relevant scope ) . Therefore, by selling an excess point of merchandise or serve the followers will go on. Gross will increase by the gross revenues value of the point sold. Costss will increase by the variable cost per unit. Net income will increase by the sum of part earned from the excess point. Similarly, if the volume of gross revenues falls by one point, the net income will fall by the sum of part earned from the point. Net income measuring should hence be based on an analysis of entire part. Since fixed costs relate to a period of clip, and do non alter with additions or lessenings in gross revenues volume, it is misdirecting to bear down units of sale with a portion of fixed costs. When a unit of merchandise is made, the excess costs incurred in its industry are the variable production costs. Fixed costs are unaffected, and no excess fixed costs are incurred when end product is increased. Features of Marginal Costing The chief characteristics of fringy costing are as follows: Cost Categorization The fringy costing technique makes a crisp differentiation between variable costs and fixed costs. It is the variable cost on the footing of which production and gross revenues policies are designed by a house following the fringy costing technique. Stock/Inventory Evaluation Under fringy costing, inventory/stock for net income measuring is valued at fringy cost. It is in crisp contrast to the entire unit cost under soaking up bing method. Fringy Contribution Fringy costing technique makes usage of fringy part for taging assorted determinations. Fringy part is the difference between gross revenues and fringy cost. It forms the footing for judging the profitableness of different merchandises or sections. Presentation of Cost Data under Marginal Costing Fringy costing is non a method of bing but a technique of presentation of gross revenues and cost informations with a position to steer direction in decision-making. The traditional technique popularly known as entire cost or soaking up costing technique does non do any difference between variable and fixed cost in the computation of net incomes. But fringy cost statement really clearly indicates this difference in geting at the net operational consequences of a house. Following presentation of two Performa shows the difference between the presentation of information harmonizing to soaking up and fringy costing techniques: MARGINAL COSTING PRO-FORMA A Rs. Rs. Gross saless Gross A xxxxx Less Marginal Cost of Gross saless A A Opening Stock ( Valued @ fringy cost ) xxxx A Add Production Cost ( Valued @ fringy cost ) xxxx A Entire Production Cost xxxx A Less Closing Stock ( Valued @ fringy cost ) ( thirty ) A Fringy Cost of Production xxxx A Add Selling, Admin A ; Distribution Cost xxxx A Fringy Cost of Gross saless A ( xxxx ) Contribution A xxxxx Less Fixed Cost A ( xxxx ) Fringy Costing Net income A xxxxx Drumhead Fringy cost is the cost direction technique for the analysis of cost and gross information and for the counsel of direction. The presentation of information through fringy costing statement is easy understood by all troughs, even those who do non hold preliminary cognition and deductions of the topics of cost and direction accounting.